Pulmonology

Outcome heterogeneity in pulmonary rehabilitation for older adults with COPD

This systematic review of 95 studies (n=204,626) found 590 outcome indicators consolidated into 148 unique types across six domains. Physiological and clinical outcomes dominated (≈65%), while geriatric-relevant measures were underreported (balance in 3 studies, frailty in 2). Adverse events and mortality reporting were notably limited, reducing comparability and safety signal detection. Authors recommend developing a core outcome set that integrates geriatric-specific indicators to standardize assessments and personalize rehabilitation. 1

Six-week steroid taper yields higher success than three weeks for mild ICI-pneumonitis

In a randomized trial of 106 patients with mild ICI-related pneumonitis (median age 72), treatment success was 85.2% with six weeks versus 66.7% with three weeks. The three-week regimen failed noninferiority and an exploratory analysis favored six weeks (P=.013). Grade ≥3 adverse events were more common with six weeks (24% vs 12%), but were described as manageable. Overall survival did not differ between arms (HR 1.03; 95% CI 0.46–2.29). 2

AI in respiratory medicine: broad promise, major translational gaps

This review maps AI applications from imaging-based detection to prognostic models and digital twin simulations in respiratory diseases. The authors highlight potential for AI-driven precision medicine using multi-omics and liquid biopsies. Major barriers include data governance, legal liability, and lack of prospective clinical validation. They propose a translational roadmap emphasizing prospective testing and careful workflow integration before routine clinical use. 3