Plastic Surgery

Laser-structured triclosan polypropylene mesh improves antibacterial performance and healing in breast reconstruction model

Femtosecond laser micro/nanostructuring of polypropylene mesh markedly increased triclosan loading and antibacterial activity versus unmodified mesh. In a rat breast reconstruction model, triclosan-modified mesh accelerated scab formation and wound closure compared with blank controls. Implants showed higher CD31 and CD163 levels and lower IL-6 and TNF-α, indicating increased vascularity and reduced inflammation. Mechanical properties remained suitable for reconstruction, suggesting potential applicability to infection-prone implant-based breast surgery. 1

ROS-adaptive asiatic-acid microneedles remodel hypertrophic scar microenvironment in rabbits

A hyaluronic acid dissolving microneedle array delivered ROS-responsive asiatic acid nanoparticles directly into hypertrophic scars. Nanoparticles released asiatic acid in response to elevated ROS, enabling sustained, lesion-specific drug delivery within scar tissue. In vitro, treatment selectively inhibited hypertrophic scar fibroblast proliferation and reduced macrophage migration. In a rabbit ear hypertrophic scar model, microneedles reduced scar thickness, normalized collagen architecture, and suppressed fibrosis. RNA sequencing showed coordinated downregulation of proliferation, inflammation, and collagen deposition pathways, consistent with a more regenerative scar phenotype. 2

HFUS plus CEUS reliably maps lymphatics for LVA when ICG lymphography lacks a linear pattern

Among 111 lymphedema patients without a clear linear ICG pattern, high-frequency and contrast-enhanced ultrasound identified lymphatics suitable for LVA. Combined HFUS+CEUS detected 313 lymphatics with 91.1% accuracy versus operative findings, exceeding HFUS or CEUS alone. Measured lymphatic diameters were 0.5–0.9 mm with depths around 9–10 mm, informing supermicrosurgical anastomosis planning. Postoperative limb circumference and volume significantly decreased, supporting the clinical utility of ultrasound-guided mapping in ICG-negative cases. 3

Common 1% O2 hypoxic preconditioning impairs nanofat-driven vascularization in vivo

Mouse nanofat preconditioned at 1% O2 for 24 hours preserved viability and upregulated HIF-1α and SDF-1 versus normoxia. Protein profiling indicated a pro-angiogenic signature ex vivo in hypoxia-treated nanofat. However, dermal substitutes seeded with preconditioned nanofat showed significantly reduced functional microvessel density in vivo compared with non-preconditioned controls. Immunohistochemistry confirmed lower microvessel density in the hypoxia group. These data argue against using 1% O2 for 24 hours to enhance nanofat vascularization capacity in reconstructive applications. 4