Pediatrics

mHealth plus human support modestly lowers BMI z-score in pediatric obesity

Systematic review of 23 RCTs, meta-analysis of six trials found BMI z-score MD -0.20 (95% CI -0.36 to -0.04; p=0.02). Behavioral outcomes (diet quality, sedentary time) improved more consistently than anthropometry. Engagement declined in standalone digital programs, while hybrid models with human support sustained effects. Body-composition data were sparse, limiting inference about true adiposity change beyond BMI. 1

Higher early parenteral amino acids linked to more short-term morbidity in extremely preterm infants

Secondary cohort of the ProVIDe trial (n=382) found higher week-1 amino acid intakes associated with increased odds of BPD, PDA, and probable sepsis. Specific amino acids (tyrosine, proline) showed ORs ≈ 2.2–2.3 for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Higher early lipid intake was associated with lower odds of IVH, BPD, and ROP (example OR for IVH 0.33). Neurodevelopment at 2 years did not differ across early amino acid or intake quartiles. 2

Home-based exercise improves aerobic capacity in children with chronic disease

Systematic review of 81 studies (2923 participants) and meta-analysis of 19 RCTs found increased aerobic capacity (SMD 0.53; 95% CI 0.32–0.74; p<0.0001). No consistent benefit was found for functional capacity or quality of life versus controls. Adherence was generally high (>80% in many studies), supporting feasibility of home programs. Poor reporting quality and risk of bias limit certainty about strength and safety outcomes. 3