Ophthalmology

Cataract surgery and neovascular AMD risk in older adults remains under evaluation

This cohort study examined whether cataract surgery is associated with progression of age-related macular degeneration in adults aged 60 years or older. Investigators compared AMD outcomes after surgery with those in similar patients who did not undergo cataract extraction. Results are intended to inform counseling on timing of surgery in patients with established AMD or strong risk factors. Clinicians should integrate these emerging observational data into shared decision-making while recognizing potential residual confounding. 1

Adalimumab and tocilizumab show similar efficacy; anakinra underperforms in refractory NIU

This multicenter Bayesian randomized trial compared adalimumab, anakinra, and tocilizumab in 112 patients with active, refractory noninfectious, nonanterior uveitis. Patients received subcutaneous adalimumab, anakinra, or tocilizumab for 16 weeks with a steroid-sparing primary endpoint based on vitreous haze improvement. The primary outcome was achieved in 16% of adalimumab and 14% of tocilizumab patients, indicating comparable efficacy. Resolution of macular edema and retinal vasculitis and corticosteroid tapering rates were similar between these two agents. 2

IRIS Registry defines current 5-year outcomes and indications for penetrating keratoplasty

This IRIS Registry analysis included 4,061 PK-naïve eyes undergoing penetrating keratoplasty between 2015 and 2017 in the United States. Overall 5-year graft survival probability was 81.1%, but risk varied substantially by indication. Graft failure was most frequent with ocular prosthetic device complications, trauma or perforation, and corneal edema, and lowest with corneal ectasia. Visual outcomes paralleled survival: edema, opacities, and trauma had the highest probability of BCVA worse than 20/70, whereas ectasia fared better. 3

Laser-based red-light myopia devices can exceed ANSI limits within seconds

This laboratory study measured optical output from four commercial red-light myopia devices and classified safety using ANSI Z80.36-2021 and Z136.1-2022 standards. Two laser-based devices, Sky-n1201 and EyeRising, reached ANSI group 1 retinal exposure limits within 2.8 and 1.4 seconds for a 7-mm pupil. The Future Vision laser reached group 1 limits only with prolonged exposures of 253 seconds or more but met Class 1 laser criteria. The LED-based AirDoc produced diffuse illumination, taking more than 22,000 seconds to reach group 1 limits and remaining group 1 classified. 4