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Grand RoundsWeekly Evidence Brief

General Surgery

Edition

30-Second Takeaway

  • Black patients receive more emergency and open operations with worse outcomes, even when minimally invasive options are available.
  • Conventional laparoscopic hepatectomy offers perioperative advantages over open and tele-robotic approaches for HCC without compromising short-term oncologic surrogates.
  • Adding pancreatic RFA to modern chemotherapy regimens worsens toxicity and quality of life without survival benefit in unresectable LAPC.

Week ending April 4, 2026

Practice-changing insights in emergency and perioperative general surgery, HPB oncology, and ambulatory care models

Black patients have less access to elective and minimally invasive emergency general surgery

JAMA NETWORK OPENApr 3, 2026

In more than 2.4 million US cholecystectomy, hernia, and colorectal cases, Black patients were more likely to undergo emergency rather than elective surgery. Among emergency cases, Black patients also had higher adjusted odds of open versus minimally invasive surgery than White patients. EGS patients overall were more likely to be older, female, Black, publicly insured, comorbid, rural, and treated at nonteaching hospitals. Within EGS, Black patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery had higher 30-day readmission, longer length of stay, and more conversions to open.

Conventional laparoscopy outperforms open and tele-robotic hepatectomy for HCC on short-term outcomes

CANCERSMar 28, 2026

This multicenter cohort compared open, conventional laparoscopic, and tele-robotic hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma across five high-volume centers. After propensity matching, conventional laparoscopy achieved lower blood loss, shorter operative time, and shorter hospital stay than open surgery. Tele-robotic hepatectomy reduced blood loss versus open surgery but did not improve operative time or length of stay. Compared with conventional laparoscopy, tele-robotic hepatectomy had longer operative times and longer hospital stays.

RFA adds toxicity without survival benefit in locally advanced pancreatic cancer

JAMA NETWORK OPENMar 31, 2026

This randomized trial enrolled 188 patients with unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer and stable disease after at least two months of induction chemotherapy. Patients received radiofrequency ablation plus chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone, with most having received modified FOLFIRINOX as induction. Median overall survival was similar between groups, with no improvement from adding RFA to chemotherapy. Progression-free survival was also not improved by RFA, despite the additional intervention.

References

Numbered in order of appearance. Click any reference to view details.

Additional Reads

Optional additional studies from this edition.

Edition context

Clinical signal

  • Emergency general surgery access and modality differ by race, demanding local equity audits and MIS access initiatives.
  • For HCC in high-volume centers, conventional laparoscopy appears to be the most efficient hepatectomy platform today, not tele-robotics.
  • RFA should not be routinely added to chemotherapy in nonprogressive, unresectable LAPC outside trials, given added harm without benefit.