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Grand RoundsWeekly Evidence Brief

General Surgery

Edition

30-Second Takeaway

  • Transplant recipients needing emergency general surgery have fewer complications at transplant centers, particularly kidney graft recipients.
  • Post–bariatric surgery pregnancies show fewer metabolic complications without clear increase in severe fetal or infant events.
  • Whole blood for civilian trauma resuscitation modestly lowers early mortality and transfusion needs vs components.

Week ending March 14, 2026

New evidence on risk, strategy, and value in complex surgical patients

Transplant centers confer safer emergency general surgery care for solid-organ transplant recipients

ANNALS OF SURGERYMar 9, 2026

Among 2679 emergency general surgery hospitalizations in solid-organ transplant recipients, 4% died within 30 days and 31% had complications or death. For kidney transplant recipients, care at non–transplant academic centers had higher 30-day mortality vs transplant centers (adjusted OR 3.52, 95% CI 1.43-8.65). Across organ types, composite 30-day complications or mortality were significantly higher at most non–transplant centers vs transplant centers. These findings support protocols to triage and transfer solid-organ transplant recipients with emergency general surgery diagnoses to transplant centers when feasible.

Pregnancy after bariatric surgery lowers metabolic risk without excess severe fetal or infant harm

ANNALS OF SURGERYMar 12, 2026

This matched cohort compared 680 post–bariatric surgery pregnancies with 2002 pregnancies in patients with obesity and no surgery. Post–bariatric surgery pregnancies had substantially lower gestational diabetes (8.7% vs 18.8%; adjusted OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.21-0.40). Preeclampsia/HELLP was also reduced after surgery (adjusted OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.13-0.31). Bariatric surgery increased small-for-gestational-age risk and reduced large-for-gestational-age risk but was not linked to higher severe fetal or infant morbidity or mortality.

Whole blood modestly lowers early mortality in civilian trauma resuscitation

JAMA SURGERYMar 11, 2026

This systematic review and meta-analysis pooled 40 studies (2 randomized trials, 38 cohorts; 49,776 adult trauma patients) comparing whole blood vs component therapy. Whole blood was associated with lower 24-hour mortality overall (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.60-0.95), with substantial between-study heterogeneity (I2 87%). In civilian settings, whole blood reduced 24-hour mortality (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57-0.93), approximating a 4.6 percentage point absolute risk reduction at 20% baseline mortality. Civilian cohorts also showed reduced 30-day mortality (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.60-0.98) and decreased transfusion requirements (mean −2.66 units).

References

Numbered in order of appearance. Click any reference to view details.

Additional Reads

Optional additional studies from this edition.

Edition context

Clinical signal

  • Regionalization to transplant centers appears beneficial for emergency general surgery in solid-organ transplant recipients, supporting early transfer when feasible.
  • Bariatric surgery should be framed as a risk-modifying intervention for future pregnancy, not solely for weight or diabetes control.
  • Whole blood is gaining support as first-line massive transfusion in civilian trauma centers, with modest absolute mortality benefit and heterogeneity.