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Grand RoundsWeekly Evidence Brief

Cardiothoracic Surgery

Edition
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30-Second Takeaway

  • A larger RCT comparing pulmonary artery versus central venous catheters is feasible but safety signals (AKI) require confirmation.
  • Persistent opioid use after surgery is common in the U.S. surgical population, occurring in about **7%** of opioid-naïve patients.
  • Percutaneous removal of right-sided heart masses in older adults associates with lower in-hospital mortality than surgery, with similar 2‑year survival.

Latest - Week ending July 4, 2026

Five recent studies informing perioperative monitoring, cardioprotection, opioid stewardship, and intervention selection in structural heart disease

PUMA Pilot: PA catheter feasible but linked to more AKI in low-risk cardiac surgery

ANAESTHESIAJun 29, 2026

This multicentre pilot randomized trial enrolled 149 adults having low-risk cardiac surgery and randomized 76 to pulmonary artery catheter and 73 to central venous catheter. Protocol adherence and data completeness were high, supporting feasibility for a larger definitive RCT. Acute kidney injury occurred more often with pulmonary artery catheters (34% vs 19%). The trial was not powered for clinical efficacy; the AKI signal requires confirmation in a larger trial.

Cardio‑oncology trials show modest prevention effects and heterogeneous safety reporting

CURRENT HEART FAILURE REPORTSJul 1, 2026

This review found randomized cardio-oncology trials yield modest, inconsistent benefits, mainly on subclinical endpoints like imaging or biomarkers. Clinically meaningful outcome reductions, such as less heart failure or cardiovascular mortality, remain limited across studied interventions. Trials commonly use heterogeneous event definitions and often exclude patients with pre-existing cardiac disease, limiting external validity. The authors recommend risk-enriched trial designs, standardized safety frameworks, and structured surveillance to improve applicability.

New persistent opioid use after surgery averages about 7% in opioid‑naïve U.S. adults

REGIONAL ANESTHESIA AND PAIN MEDICINEJun 27, 2026

This meta-analysis of 43 observational studies (n=6,507,173) estimated pooled new persistent opioid use (NPOU) at 7.15% (95% CI 6.02–8.38). Incidence varied by NPOU definition, higher with 90–180 day windows (8.29%) and lower with stringent 180-day criteria (2.89%). Heterogeneity was substantial (I2=100%) and most included studies were moderate quality, limiting precision. Findings support prioritizing opioid-sparing strategies and targeted follow-up to reduce transition to chronic opioid use.

References

Numbered in order of appearance. Click any reference to view details.

Additional Reads

Optional additional studies from this edition.

Edition context

Clinical signal

  • Monitor renal function closely when using pulmonary artery catheters until definitive trial data exist.
  • Prefer multimodal, opioid-sparing analgesia and counsel patients about **~7%** NPOU risk.
  • Consider percutaneous approaches for right-sided masses in elderly patients, acknowledging residual confounding in observational data.