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Grand RoundsWeekly Evidence Brief

Cardiology

Edition

30-Second Takeaway

  • Post‑AMI with LV dysfunction/congestion: sacubitril/valsartan showed a possible late reduction in composite cardiovascular events versus ramipril.
  • High adolescent cardiorespiratory fitness confers net long‑term cardiovascular benefit despite a small early AF increase.

Week ending May 23, 2026

Five recent papers affecting device evaluation, post‑MI therapy timing, AI in imaging, fitness‑AF tradeoffs, and a digital care tool

Target‑trial framework improves credibility of observational device studies

CIRCULATIONMay 18, 2026

Observational analyses can inform device safety and effectiveness when randomized trials are limited. The authors recommend using the target trial framework to define question, resources, and analytic steps prospectively. A principled design and transparent conduct reduce bias but do not eliminate causal‑inference limitations. Clinicians and researchers should require clear target‑trial emulation and sensitivity analyses before trusting observational device claims.

PARADISE‑MI post hoc: sacubitril/valsartan shows late post‑AMI composite benefit

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILUREMay 23, 2026

In 5,661 AMI patients with LV dysfunction or congestion randomized early post‑MI, heart failure events dominated both early and late periods. Sacubitril/valsartan versus ramipril had a late post‑AMI hazard ratio of 0.76 (95% CI 0.60–1.00, p=0.05) for the primary comparison. An expanded cardiovascular composite favored sacubitril/valsartan (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77–0.97, p=0.012). These are post hoc timing analyses; the late benefit signal warrants confirmation before changing standard pathways.

AI stress echo agreed with cardiologists in 60% of cases; quality rejection common

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCHMay 20, 2026

An AI system (EGP) and cardiologists agreed in 60% of 854 stress echocardiograms, with AI rejecting 26.1% for poor image quality. Agreement was lower in patients with hypertension, diabetes, or prior CAD, and AI inclusion raised positive diagnoses from 17.9% to 22.1% when combined. Qualitative data show cardiologists treat AI as advisory and seek corroboration rather than deferring to AI. Implement AI with workflows for image quality checks and clinician confirmation, especially in multimorbid patients.

References

Numbered in order of appearance. Click any reference to view details.

Additional Reads

Optional additional studies from this edition.

Edition context

Clinical signal

  • Interpret observational device studies using the target‑trial framework and watch for residual confounding.
  • In AMI with LVSD/congestion, consider sacubitril/valsartan early but note benefit appears late and is from post hoc analyses.
  • When using AI for stress echo, verify outputs in patients with hypertension, diabetes, or prior CAD and inspect image quality.